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Recently there has been a revival of interest in structuralist approaches to science. Taking their lead from scientific structuralists such as Henri Poincaré, Ernst Cassirer, and Bertrand Russell, some contemporary philosophers and scientists have argued that the most fruitful approach to solving many problems in the philosophy of science lies in focusing on the structural features of our scientific theories. Much of the work in scientific structuralism to date has been focused on the problem of scientific realism, where it has been argued that even in cases of radical theory change the most important structural features of predecessor theories are preserved. These structural realists argue that what our most successful theories get right about the world is these abstract structural features, rather than any particular ontological claims. More recently, philosophers of science have adopted structuralist approaches to many other issues in the philosophy of science, such as scientific explanation and intertheory relations. The nine articles collected in this volume, written by the leading researchers in scientific structuralism, represent some of the most important directions of research in this field. This book will be of particular interest to those philosophers, scientists, and mathematicians who are interested in the foundations of science.

Theory of knowledge --- filosofie --- epistomologie --- Philosophy of science --- epistemologists --- Philosophy --- Science --- Structuralism --- Structure (Philosophy) --- Whole and parts (Philosophy) --- Form (Philosophy) --- Poststructuralism --- Normal science

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"Science and religion are often viewed as dichotomies. But although our contemporary society is often perceived as a rationalization process, we still need broad, metaphysical beliefs outside of what can be proven empirically. Rituals and symbols remain at the core of modern life. Do our concepts of science and religion require revitalization? Can science itself be considered a religion, a belief, or an ideology? Science's authority and prestige allows for little in the way of alternate approaches not founded in empirical science. It is not unusual to believe that technology and science will solve the world's fundamental problems. Has truth been colonized by science? Have scientific disciplines become so specialized and "operationally closed" that they have constructed barriers to other disciplines as well as the general public? The writers of this book set out to investigate whether the symbols of academia may in some cases take on a quality of sacrality, whether the rule of experts can be said to have the character of a "priesthood of knowledge", whether religion has a place in scientific contexts, and a selection of other questions concerning science and its relations to religious belief."--P. [4] of cover.

Biology --- biologie --- Religion and science --- Science --- 215 --- Normal science --- Philosophy of science --- Christianity and science --- Geology --- Geology and religion --- Science and religion --- Philosophy --- Godsdienst en wetenschap --- Religious aspects

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Scientia is the term that early modern philosophers applied to a certain kind of demonstrative knowledge, the kind whose starting points were appropriate first principles. In pre-modern philosophy, too, scientia was the name for demonstrative knowledge from first principles. But pre-modern and early modern conceptions differ systematically from one another. This book offers a variety of glimpses of this difference by exploring the works of individual philosophers as well as philosophical movements and groupings of the period. Some of the figures are transitional, falling neatly on neither side of the allegiances usually marked by the scholastic/modern distinction. Among the philosophers whose views on scientia are surveyed are Hobbes, Descartes, Spinoza, Gassendi, Locke, and Jungius. The contributors are among the best-known and most influential historians of early modern philosophy.

Philosophy --- History of philosophy --- Sociology of cultural policy --- Pure sciences. Natural sciences (general) --- History --- wetenschapsgeschiedenis --- cultureel erfgoed --- filosofie --- geschiedenis --- anno 1600-1699 --- Knowledge, Theory of --- Science --- Normal science --- Philosophy of science --- Epistemology --- Theory of knowledge --- Psychology

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The present book, which contains seventeen newly commissioned articles, aims to give a rich overview of the current state of research by Turkish philosophers and historians of science. Topics covered address issues in methodology, causation, and reduction, and include philosophy of logic and physics, philosophy of psychology and language, and Ottoman science studies. The book also contains un unpublished interview with Maria Reichenbach, Hans Reichenbach's wife, which sheds new light on Reichenbach's academic and personal life in Istanbul and at UCLA. This volume is primarily intended for researchers in the philosophy and history of science. However, it should also be valuable to other philosophers working in fields such as epistemology, metaphysics, philosophy of mind, and philosophy of language, as well as to physicists, cognitive scientists and liguists interested in philosophical issues. "Philosophy is alive and well in Turkey. This is a wonderful volume, chock-full of first-rate essay by Turkish philosophers and historians of science. Readers will also learn something about the early days of analytical philosophy in Turkey. The interview that Güven Güzeldere conducted with Maria Reichenbach and David Kaplan is a fascinating read. If, however, your department is fighting for more office space, keep the volume out of the hands of your university administrators. Maria Reichenbach reports: `Hans by the way shared an office with Bertrand Russell when he was at UCLA'." Brian McLaughlin, Professor and Chair, Philosophy Department, Rutgers University

Psychology --- Theory of knowledge --- Philosophy of science --- Pure sciences. Natural sciences (general) --- Philosophy of language --- wetenschapsgeschiedenis --- epistomologie --- taalfilosofie --- kennisleer --- persoonlijkheidsleer --- Turkey --- Science --- Philosophy --- History --- Natural science --- Natural sciences --- Science of science --- Sciences --- Normal science

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There are two main points within this book: Firstly, to make the founding and evolution of Western thought accessible to the reflective man of our day, since the spirit of the Presocratics - although it is considered to constitute a true intellectual revolution - remains unknown to the broader community and secondly to shed greater light - probably for the first time - on the scientific dimension of the Presocratics' work, and show its timeless value. This book is a balanced interdisciplinary philosophic-scientific presentation of the evolution of Western thought through the presocratic tradition, where the synthesis of rationality and intuition - rather than their opposition - is the key to answering all questions of science, as we now understand the them. It is a book that investigates the roots of Western science and philosophy, where probably for the first time a coherent interrelation is shown between presocratics' thought and classical, as well as modern physical sciences. It is addressed to the intelligent layperson as well as to the scientist of our time, who is interested in the emergence and evolution of Western thought - both scientific and philosophic. It will appeal to professionals and graduate students interested in general philosophy and philosophy of science.

History --- History of philosophy --- Pure sciences. Natural sciences (general) --- Science --- Theory of knowledge --- filosofie --- popularisering wetenschap --- epistomologie --- geschiedenis --- Philosophy of science --- wetenschapsgeschiedenis --- epistemologists --- Philosophy, Ancient --- Pre-Socratic philosophers --- Pre-Socratics --- Presocratic philosophers --- Presocratics --- Ancient philosophy --- Greek philosophy --- Philosophy, Greek --- Philosophy, Roman --- Roman philosophy --- Normal science --- Philosophy --- Philosophers